dark field | Strolls with my Dog

Now that we know how to open 12-bit raw files captured with the new Raspberry Pi High Quality Camera, we can learn a bit more about the capabilities of its 1/2.3″ Sony IMX477 sensor from a keen photographer’s perspective. The subject is a bit dry, so I will give you the summary upfront. These figures were obtained with my HQ module at room temperature and the raspistill – -raw (-r) command:

Raspberry Pi HQ Camera	raspistill --raw -ag 1	Comments
Black Level	256.3 DN	256.0 - 257.3 based on gain
White Level	4095	Constant throughout
Analog Gain	1	Gain Range 1 - 16
Read Noise	3 e-, gain 1 1.5 e-, gain 16	1.53 DN from black frame 11.50 DN
Clipping (FWC)	8180 e-	at base gain, 3400e-/um^2
Dynamic Range	11.15 stops 11.3 stops	SNR = 1 to Clipping Read Noise to Clipping
System Gain	0.47 DN/e-	at base analog gain
Star Eater Algorithm	Partly Defeatable	All channels - from base gain and from min shutter speed
Low Pass Filter	Yes	All channels - from base gain and from min shutter speed

Continue reading Pi HQ Cam Sensor Performance →

A spectrogram, also sometimes referred to as a periodogram, is a visual representation of the Power Spectrum of a signal. Power Spectrum answers the question “How much power is contained in the frequency components of the signal”. In digital photography a Power Spectrum can show the relative strength of repeating patterns in captures and whether processing has been applied.

In this article I will describe how you can construct a spectrogram and how to interpret it, using dark field raw images taken with the lens cap on as an example. This can tell us much about the performance of our imaging devices in the darkest shadows and how well tuned their sensors are there.

Pixel level noise spectrum — Figure 1. Horizontal and Vertical Spectrogram of noise captured in the raw data by a Nikon Z7 at base ISO with the lens cap on. The plot shows clear evidence of low-pass filtering in the blue CFA color plane and pattern noise repeating every 6 rows there and in one of the green ones.

Continue reading The HV Spectrogram →

Musings about Photography