Tag Archives: chromatic adaptation

Cone Fundamentals & the LMS Color Space

In the last article we showed how a digital camera’s captured raw data is related to Color Science.  In my next trick I will show that CIE 2012 2 deg XYZ Color Matching Functions \bar{x}, \bar{y}, \bar{z} displayed in Figure 1 are an exact linear transform of Stockman & Sharpe (2000) 2 deg Cone Fundamentals \bar{\rho}, \bar{\gamma}, \bar{\beta} displayed in Figure 2

(1)   \begin{equation*} \left[ \begin{array}{c} \bar{x}} \\ \bar{y} \\ \bar{z} \end{array} \right] = M_{lx} * \left[ \begin{array} {c}\bar{\rho} \\ \bar{\gamma} \\ \bar{\beta} \end{array} \right] \end{equation*}

with CMFs and CFs in 3xN format, M_{lx} a 3×3 matrix and * matrix multiplication.  Et voilà:[1]

Figure 1.  Solid lines: CIE (2012) 2° XYZ “physiologically-relevant” Colour Matching Functions and photopic Luminous Efficiency Function (V) from cvrl.org, the Colour & Vision Research Laboratory at UCL.  Dotted lines: The Cone Fundamentals in Figure 2 after linear transformation by 3×3 matrix Mlx below.  Source: cvrl.org.

Continue reading Cone Fundamentals & the LMS Color Space

How Is a Raw Image Rendered?

What are the basic low level steps involved in raw file conversion?  In this article I will discuss what happens under the hood of digital camera raw converters in order to turn raw file data into a viewable image, a process sometimes referred to as ‘rendering’.  We will use the following raw capture by a Nikon D610 to show how image information is transformed at every step along the way:

Nikon D610 with AF-S 24-120mm f/4 lens at 24mm f/8 ISO100, minimally rendered from raw as outlined in the article.
Figure 1. Nikon D610 with AF-S 24-120mm f/4 lens at 24mm f/8 ISO100, minimally rendered from raw by Octave/Matlab following the steps outlined in the article.

Rendering = Raw Conversion + Editing

Continue reading How Is a Raw Image Rendered?

COMBINING BAYER CFA MTF Curves – II

In this and the previous article I discuss how Modulation Transfer Functions (MTF) obtained from the raw data of each of a Bayer CFA color channel can be combined to provide a meaningful composite MTF curve for the imaging system as a whole.

There are two ways that this can be accomplished: an input-referred approach (L) that reflects the performance of the hardware only; and an output-referred one (Y) that also takes into consideration how the image will be displayed.  Both are valid and differences are typically minor, though the weights of the latter are scene, camera/lens, illuminant dependent – while the former are not.  Therefore my recommendation in this context is to stick with input-referred weights when comparing cameras and lenses.1 Continue reading COMBINING BAYER CFA MTF Curves – II